*4 The Proposal

For this week, we were asked to submit the first proposal of our project. This proposal is to propose to Supervisor, what we plan of our project. There is a things that require in the proposal.
*This proposal was did not approve by Supervisor yet.


#Project Briefing
For this part i had explain about my project. What the advantage, the operation and the device that i will used.

Air quality monitoring system is a system that created to monitor the level of air quality at the specific area. The main purpose of this system is to give the information of air quality to people. People will decide wherever they want to place this device and get the information from the LCD Display or through any device that connected to the internet. So the information from this system is the most accurate and fastest way. Besides that, people can get the information, anytime and everywhere.

The main stuff to operate this system is Dust Sensor, Arduino Uno, Arduino Ethernet Shield, LCD display and Internet. For software are Arduino, Fritzing and Proteus. The operation is start from the Dust sensor, it will sense the air pollution, and then the data is transfer to Arduino Uno. The Arduino will recognize the data, and translate it into the human language through the Arduino software. Next, the data will send to the Arduino Ethernet Shield and LCD Display. Then, through the Arduino Ethernet Shield, people can get the information by connect to the internet.

#Problem Statement

This part, i had explain the problem that will be solve by my project.

Air quality monitoring system device is used to dtct the level of aie pollution and give the information to user. Nowadays, the air in our country is full of dust and smoke. This poor air continues and there is no solution. This is because of many sources, such as vehicles emissions, smoke from factories and open burning. This situation even worse and causing haze. It will cause people exposed to the bad health in this poor air.

To help people from exposed to this poor weather, this air quality monitoring system will act as a warning device by give the information about the air quality to user. By this information, it will assist user to avoid being at the poor air, or wearing a mask.

#Project Objective

There is a objective that i have to achieve by completing this project.

• To study about the air quality monitoring system.
• To develop the software that used to complete this system.
• To create the device that will monitor the quality of air.
• To give the most accurate, fastest information about the air quality to people.
• To analyze the performance of this system.

#Project Work scope

Work scope is a limitation of the project work or where the device can used and so on.

This air quality monitoring system project can be use either inside or outside the building. As long as the device did not exposed to the wet surface, because it is not a waterproof device. For the place outside the building, the device needs to cover up with something that act as roof, to protect device from the rain or other harassment. Next, there is no limitation of the distance between the user and device, because to get the information, except for LCD Display, user can get the information by surfing internet.

#Project Methodology

There is a flowchart of my work plan to completing this project.

#Result Expectation

This is my expectation from this project.

1. A working prototype of an air quality monitoring system.
2. A complete device of air quality monitoring system.
3. The useful device to user.
4. The device gives accurate and faster information about the level of the air quality to user.
5. The device gives information about the level of air quality to user anytime and everywhere.

This proposal have been submitted to supervisor, if there any mistake, I will

*3 The Operation

#The new block diagram for AQMS

There is a updated block diagram of my project.

As the block digram show above, i had add LED at the output of my project.

 

*3 The Device

#Optical Dust Sensor

Sharp's GP2Y101AU0F ia an optical air quality sensor, designed to sense dust particles. An infrared emitting diode and a phototransistor are diagonally arranged into this device, to allow it to detect the reflectd light of dust in air. It is especially effective in detecting very fine particles like cigarette smoke, and is commonly used in air purfier systems.

The sensor has very low current consumption(20mA max, 11mA typical), and can be powered with up to 7VDC. The output of the sensor is an analog voltage proportional tu be measured dust density, with a sensitivity of 0.5V/0.1mg/m3.

To interface with the sensor you need to connect to its 6-pin and 1.5mm pitch

 connector. Meanwhile this is the example of the operation that used this type of dust sensor : 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JTgAujQjXs

#Arduino Uno

Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on simple i/o board and a development environment that implements the Processing/Wiring language. Arduino can be used to develop stand alone interactive object or can be connected to software on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP). The open source IDE can be downloaded .

The Arduino Uno is a mirocontroller board based on the Atmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16Mhz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller, simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC to DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno differ from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.

Features:

• Microcontroller                      ATmega328
• Operating Value                     5V
• Input Voltage                         7-12V
• Input Voltage(Limit)             6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins                     14 (6 provide PWM Output)
• Analog Input Pins                  6
• DC Current per I/O Pin         40mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin       50mA
• Clock Speed                          16MHz

For the beginner Getting Started with Arduino  - UNO

#Arduino Ethernet Shield

The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet. It is based on the Wiznet W5100 ethernet chip. The Wiznet W5100 provides a network (IP) stack capable of both TCP and UDP. It supports up to four simultaneous socket connections. Use the Ethernet library to write sketches which connect to the internet using the shield.

This is the Tutorial of Room Monitoring Web Server :

An Arduino Room Monitoring Web Server

All the device that i mention above is the main device that i will used to build up my Air Quality Monitoring System. This 3 device will work at the input and process of AQMS operation. But, i might be change the type of Arduino, because there is another type of Arduino that provide the connection of internet. Which is i just have to use one Arduino for my project. The type of that Arduino is, Arduino Yun.

#Arduino Yun

Arduino Yun is the perfect board to use when designing connected devices and, more in general, Internet of things projects. It combine the power of Linux with the ease of use of Arduino.

Features :

• Microcontroller                         ATmega32U4
• Operating Voltage                    5V
• Input Voltage                            5
• Digital I/O                                20
• PWM Channels                        7
• Analog Input Pins                    12
• DC Current per I/O Pin            40mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin          50mA
• Clock Speed                             16MHz

There is a device that i will use as a output receiver for this AQMS. All this device will act as a warning sign to the user. This device might be change, all depend on the situation or suitability.

#LCD Display

This LCD Display will place at the device. Which is the user will see the information of air quality directly on the device. This LCD display will always show the current level of air quality. This LCD display will share the same input from Arduino with LED.

#Light Emitting Diode

Colured LED Bulb

This LED bulb will function followed the level of air quality.

At the Good level, the green LED will light up, to notify the user that the current air is very good. For the next stage,  which is Moderate, the Yellow LED will ON. Then for the  three last stage, dangerous, red LED will ON. At this stage, i think, i want to add a device, like alarm, so that the alarm will warn the user about this poor air.

Now, i was thinking to add something at the output of this project, which is at the LCD Display. I also plan to add an alarm . But it depends on the compatiblity. All this plan, i will refer to my Supervisor.

The Level	LED	LCD Display	Alarm
Good	Green,	The API is _____ “The Air is Good”	OFF
Moderate	Yellow	The API is _____ “The Air is Not Good, Please wear a mask”	OFF
Dangerous	Red, Blinking	The API is _____ “The Air is Dangerous, Please wear a mask”	ON

*2 Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS)

WHY Air Quality Monitoring system ?

The Main Purpose :
"To give the the information about the level of air quality at the specific area".



With and Without AQMS ?

With AQMS	Without AQMS
Accurate reading and fastest information, because direct from hardware.	Not accurate reading and slow information, because the level of air quality keep changing and need to get info from another sources (news).
Anytime information	Not anytime, because need to wait for other sources information.
Target area information, depends on user	Not at the target area of user

The Benefits AQMS for User ?

• Fastest Info
• Accurate Info
• Anytime Info
• Everywhere Info
• Avoid Disease
• Act as Warning Sign

The target place for AQMS ?

• At home
• In the building
• Outside the building
• Recreational park
• Public Areas

AQMS Operational Plan

Block Diagram AQMS

• There is 3part for the operation of AQMS which is Input, Process, and Output.
• Input : At this part, there is one main device, which is sensor. For this system, the sensor that i will use is Optical Dust Sensor. this device will place at the prototype. This sensor will sense the dust, or the air at the area, and define the level of air. Then the information will transfer to the 2nd part of system, which is i will use Arduino to process the information.
• Process : At this part, Arduino will identify the information, usually the language will formed from machine language to human language. So that, the user will understand the info. Next, for give the info to user, there is signal device that call Ethernet at the Arduino. This device will give a signal to the Web Server.
• Output : There is two type of receiver that include in this part. The first one is LCD Display. This device was place near to the prototype because the infomation for this LCD Display was direct from Arduino. This user can just get the info at the prototype. Next, the second receiver is Web Server. As i mentiond earlier, the signal for Web Server is from Arduino Ethernet shield. Then, from this Web Server, user can get the information through any device as long there is internet.  

The main Component/Device

Optical Dust Sensor

Arduino Ethernet Shield

LCD Display

Internet

*1 Introduction

#TITLE

I had settle up the most important thing to start my final year project, which is the title of project. From the last semester, after refer and discuss with my supervisor, we had decide, "AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM" as my project title.


#THE IDEA

I got this idea by thinking of the air in our country. Since late last year, our country has suffered the bad weather, which is haze.

"Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust, smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky. The World Meteorological Organization manual of codes includes a classification of horizontal obscuration into categories of fog, ice fog, steam fog, mist, haze, smoke, volcanic ash, dust, sand and snow. Sources for haze particles include farming (ploughing in dry weather), traffic, industry, and wildfires."   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze

Haze in Malaysia

What is Haze ?
Haze is a phenomenon caused by the existence of many small particles that are invisible to the naked eye and floating-floating in the air. These particles may come naturally or side effects of human activities. When these particles exist in large quantities and in groups they can block sunlight to the earth. The situation is reducing the distance the naked eye.


The causes ?

Open burning, Smoke from factory, Smoke from vehicles

*Index Pencemaran Udara (IPU)
IPU obtained from the measurement of fine particles (below 10 microns) and some types of gas that can affect health such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. The IPU is used as a guide to determine the air quality and its impact on health as follows:

IPU Value	Status
0-50	Good
51-100	Medium
101-200	Unhealthy
201-300	Very Unhealthy
301-500	Dangerous

The bad impact to ?

Children, old, Those who suffer from asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Lung disease Chronic, Allergies, Heart, Smokers, Those who always work outside the office or home.

Sign or Symptom of Haze effect ?

Feels itching in the throat and coughing, Feels difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, The eyes sting and water, Runny nose and frequent sneezing, Body skin feels itchy, Feels chest pain

Haze from Indonesian fires causes pollution spike in Malaysia

( Updated 27 Sep 2015, 10:19pmSun 27 Sep 2015, 10:19pm )

Acrid smoke billowing from agricultural fires in Indonesia has caused a spike in air pollution in Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur.

Pollution readings soared past the 200-point level in the Malaysian government's hourly air-quality index on Sunday morning (local time).

The Ministry of Education ordered schools shut on Monday in the capital and three states due to health concerns, the second time this month it has had to issue such an order.

On Saturday, as the haze built up, an airport just outside Kuala Lumpur closed temporarily as visibility dropped to less than 400 metres.

What's behind the haze?

The closure forced at least 20 flights to be cancelled, according to Malaysian media reports, and followed Singapore's shuttering of schools on Friday as air there worsened to "hazardous" levels.

Parts of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore have been shrouded for weeks in a choking smoke haze from tinder-dry parts of Indonesia's Sumatra island.

The haze crisis — the worst since mid-2013 — grips the region nearly every year during the dry season, when agricultural land is illegally cleared by burning.

Indonesia has faced pressure from its neighbours to address the problem since it first emerged about 20 years ago.

But the issue has persisted, especially as plantations have expanded, driven in large part by rising global demand for palm oil, a key ingredient in a vast range of everyday consumer products.

Malaysian skies have been a smoky grey for most of the past month, and authorities on September 15 ordered schools closed in Kuala Lumpur and neighbouring states.

On Friday, Singapore's foreign minister K Shanmugam lashed out at what he called "shocking statements" by senior Indonesian officials perceived as making light of the problem.

Haze levels in Singapore had improved by Sunday, dropping below the "unhealthy" mark.

Indonesian authorities have indicated the problem may not clear up anytime soon.

National Disaster Management Agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said the "fires continue to rage" despite a push to extinguish the blazes on farm expanses and peatlands that has included the deployment of military personnel.

He said new fires were cropping up, while those that were previously extinguished had re-emerged in peatlands or had been deliberately reignited.

He added that pollution readings in several Indonesian cities were at hazardous levels, and that nearly 168,000 people in affected areas has sought medical treatment for respiratory problems.

Indonesia had earlier declared a state of emergency in Sumatra's hard-hit Riau province.